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All about water

• A person can live about a month without food, but will be dead in about a week without water.
• Antarctic ice is over 4,200 meters thick in some areas.
•  Pure water is colourless, odourless and tasteless
• Water is unique in that it is the only natural substance that is found in all three states
  - liquid, solid and gas.
• Water expands by about 9% when it freezes, that's why pipes burst. Frozen water is lighter than water.
• A garden sprinkler can use between 1,000 & 2,000 litres of water in a hour
• According to NASA the natural rotation of the Earth has been slightly altered by the 10 trillion tonnes of water stored in reservoirs over the last 40 years.
• There is the same amount of water on Earth now, as there was when Earth was formed. You could be drinking dinosaur molecules!
• Don't use the hot tap for drinking water.
• Water makes up about 75% of our brain and about 83% of our blood.
• What we pour onto the ground ends up in our water. What we pump into the the sky ends up in our water.
• A third of the average families' water use is flushed down the toilet.
• Water is composed of two elements, Hydrogen and Oxygen. 2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen = H2O
• Almost 10 percent of the world's land mass is currently covered with glaciers, mostly in places like Greenland and Antarctica.
• 75% of the human brain is water and 75% of a living tree is water.
• Nearly 97% of the worlds water is salty or otherwise undrinkable. Another 2% is locked up in ice caps or glaciers. That leaves just 1% for us!
• A quarter of the worlds population is without safe drinking water.
• Subterranean water is held in cracks and pore spaces. Depending on the geology, the groundwater can flow to support streams. It can also be tapped by wells. Some groundwater is very old and may have been there for thousands of years.
• Almost 90% of an iceberg is below water--only about 10% shows above water.
• Once it evaporates, a water molecules spends around 10 days in the air.
• The total amount of water in the average body of an adult is around 37 litres.
• Water regulates the Earths' temperature. It also regulates the temperature of the human body, carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, cushions joints, protects organs and joints, and removes wastes.
• The water table is the level at which water stands in a shallow well.
• The Antarctic ice sheet has been in existence for at least 40 million years.
• The lowest annual rainfall in Australia occurs at Lake Eyre in South Australia, with this being about 100mm, where as the highest rainfall occurs at Tully in Queensland with about 4400mm falling annually.
• The Antarctic ice sheet has been in existence for at least 40 million years.
•  About 6,000 cubic kilometres of water, mostly in the form of water vapor, is in the atmosphere at any one time. If it all fell as precipitation at once, the Earth would be covered with only about 25 millimetres of water.
• Precipitation in the form of rain, snow and hail comes from clouds. Clouds move around the world, propelled by air currents. When they rise over mountain ranges, they cool, becoming so saturated with water that water begins to fall as rain, snow or hail, depending on the temperature of the surrounding air.
• Antarctic ice shelves may calve icebergs that are over 80 kilometers long.
• 2.1 million people die every year from diarrhoeal diseases (including cholera) associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. The majority are children in developing countries.
• Global warming is predicted to increase sea levels by between 5 and 35 cm, by the year 2030!
• One in every three Australians goes fishing.
• The Murray River is the longest in Australia at 2520 km.
• Life on earth probably originated in water.
• More than half of the world's animal and plant species live in the water.
• It is estimated that nearly 28 million people suffer from chronic fluorosis primarily due to exposure to fluoride in drinking-water, in China alone.
• Approximately 1000 kilograms of water is required to grow 1 kilogram of potatoes.
• Removal of excessive fluoride from drinking-water reduces crippling fluorosis.
• There is a theory that much of Earth's water came from comets hitting the planet over billions of years
• Approximately 295 000 litres of water is required to produce 910 kilograms of paper.
• Three quarters of Australians live within 50 kilometres of the coast.
• Approximately 86 300 litres of water is required to produce 910 kilograms of steel.
• Past wars have been fought over oil and future wars will undoubtedly be fought over water. Already in the Middle East, countries are in dispute over water resources.
• On a global basis it is estimated that 65% of the water is wasted
• Water uses and consumption: toilet flush – 15-20L; shower (10 min.) – 100L; tub bath – 60L; automatic dishwashing – 40L; dishwashing by hand – 35L; hand washing – 8L (with tap running); brushing teeth – 10L (with tap running); outdoor watering – 35L/min; washing machine – 225L.
• The heaviest hailstones to fall weighed 1 kilogram each and killed 92 people in Bangladesh in 1986.
• Scientists estimate the amount of water in the world is over one billion cubic kilometres (one cubic kilometre of water would fill 300 Olympic-sized swimming pools).
• A seagull can drink saltwater as it has special glands to filter out the slat.
• Australia is responsible for 11 million square kilometres of ocean within its Exclusive Economic Zone of 200 km.
• An elephant can smell water up to 5 kilometres away.
• Geologists have divined water where you might least expect it: 1,000 kilometres below the Earth's surface. Here, rocks heated to over 1,000 oC and squeezed under high pressures may harbour around five times as much water as in all the world's oceans. This could give clues to how the Earth formed and how it behaves today
• The two ions that are present most often in seawater are are chloride and sodium. These two make up over 90% of all dissolved ions in seawater. The concentration of salt in seawater (salinity) is about 35 parts per thousand. In other words, about 35 of 1,000 (3.5%) of the weight of seawater comes from the dissolved salts
• It takes 16 times as much water to produce a ton of beef as a ton of grain.
• "Whiskey's for drinking, water's for fighting about," Mark Twain is said to have observed, and scientists have warned that more people may be fighting over water this century than over oil.
• The total of liquid freshwater, about 98% is groundwater and 2% is surface water. So all of our lakes and flowing water which provide most of the water for our uses make up about .02% of the total water found on Earth.
• About three-fourths of the Earth's surface is covered with water.
• Beneath the surface of the earth is a huge reservoir of fresh water. Groundwater does not rest; it moves continuously, but at a snail's pace, from its point of entry to areas of natural discharge. Groundwater moves so slowly that its speed is measured in metres per day, and even per year. (Surface water velocities are described in metres per second.)
• Water vapour is emitted from plant leaves by a process called transpiration. Every day an actively growing plant transpires 5 to 10 times as much water as it can hold at once.
• One litre of oil can contaminate up to 2 million litres of water.
• Approximately 10 litres of water is required to manufacture 1 litre of petrol.
• Officials estimate that every day throughout the world 34 000 deaths are caused by contaminated water and poor sanitation – that equals 100 jumbo jets crashing every day!
• Water turns to a solid at 0°C and a vapour at 100°C. Its density is 1 gram per cubic centimetre (1 g/cm³),
• Water vapour forms a kind of global "blanket" which helps to keep the earth warm. Heat radiated from the sun-warmed surface of the earth is absorbed and held by the vapour.
• In the developing countries, 80% of illnesses are water-related
• Acid rain with a pH of 3.6 has 100 times the acidity of normal rain with a pH of 5.6.
• Estimates vary, but it is commonly believed that there are up to 100 000 chemicals in commercial use worldwide
• Each day humans must replace 2.4 litres of water, some through drinking and the rest taken by the body from the foods eaten.
• Water molecules are attracted to each other, creating hydrogen bonds. These strong bonds determine almost every physical property of water and many of its chemical properties too.
• The surface tension of water permits it to hold up substances heavier and denser than itself. A steel needle carefully placed on the surface of a glass of water will float. Some aquatic insects such as the water strider rely on surface tension to walk on water.
• Raindrops are not tear-shaped. Scientists, using high-speed cameras, have discovered that raindrops resemble the shape of a small hamburger bun.
• Most of our food is water: tomatoes (95%), spinach (91%), milk (90%), apples (85%), potatoes (80%), beef (61%), hot dogs (56%).
• A massive icecap can be found in Greenland, where practically the whole country is covered with ice. The ice on Greenland is kilometres in thickness in some places and is so heavy that some of the land has been compressed so much that it is way below sea level.
• Jupiters' moon Europa is a puzzle. The sixth largest moon in our Solar System, Europa confounds and intrigues scientists. Few bodies in the Solar System have attracted as much scientific attention as this moon of Jupiter because of its possible subsurface ocean of water.  we cannot resist the mystery of Europa and its potential for possessing an ocean
• Pure water at sea level boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C. At higher elevations (lower atmospheric pressures) water's boiling temperature decreases. This is why it takes longer to boil an egg at higher altitudes. The temperature does not get high enough to cook the egg properly.
• Water absorbs or releases more heat than many substances for each degree of temperature increase or decrease. Because of this, it is widely used for cooling and for transferring heat in thermal and chemical processes.
• Large bodies of water, such as the oceans, have a profound influence on climate. They are the world's great heat reservoirs and heat exchangers and the source of much of the moisture that falls as rain and snow over adjacent land masses.
• Fresh, un-compacted snow is usually 90-95 percent trapped air.
• Each year Australians use enough water to fill Sydney Harbour 48 times